PubSub with long polling in Go
The Go library go-longpoll (package longpoll) provides an implementation of the long-polling mechanism of the PubSub pattern. Although the primary purpose of the library is to aid the development of web applications, the library provides no specific web handlers and can be used in other distributed applications.
Long polling is a technique to notify client applications about updates on the server. It is often used in writing web application as a substitute for the push technique, however can be used in other distributed applications.
Clients initiate subscriptions to the server specifying topics they are interested in. Given a subscription Id a client makes a request for new data. The request is held open until data becomes available on the server (published to a matching topic). As soon as this happens the request is answered immediately. If no data arrives over a predefined time window (the long-polling interval) the request returns empty. A new connection is then established between the client and the server to receive further updates.
The following points are often listed as the benefits of long-polling over the push mechanism in web applications:
- does not require a persistent connection to the server
- works for slow clients as they receive information at the speed they can process, although maybe in large chunks which are accumulated at the server between requests
- friendly to proxies blocking streaming
The library can be installed by one of the following methods:
using
go getgo get github.com/ventu-io/go-longpollvia cloning this repository:
git clone [email protected]:ventu-io/go-longpoll.git ${GOPATH}/src/github.com/ventu-io/go-longpoll
Implementation details and examples
The API documentation is available at GoDocs. The following demo repository provides multiple examples and benchmarks for this library.
Subscriptions will timeout and get closed if no client request is received over a given timeout interval. Every request resets the timeout counter. The timeout interval is a property of the subscription itself and different subscriptions may have different timeout intervals.
The long-polling interval, within which the request is held, is specified per request. Web application wrappers might provide defaults.
The library supports concurrent long-polling requests on the same subscription Id, but no data will be duplicated across request responses. No specific distribution of data across responses is guaranteed: new requests signal the existing one to return immediately.
At the moment the library does not support persisting of published data before it is collected by subscribers. All the published data is stored in memory of the backend.
Long-polling with subscription management:
Handling of long-polling subscriptions, publishing and receiving data is done by the longpoll.LongPoll type:
ps := longpoll.New()
id1, _ := ps.Subscribe(time.Minute, "TopicA", "TopicB")
id2, _ := ps.Subscribe(time.Minute, "TopicB", "TopicC")
go func() {
for {
if datach, err := ps.Get(id1, 30*time.Second); err == nil {
fmt.Printf("%v received %v", id1, <-datach)
} else {
break
}
}
}()
go func() {
for {
if datach, err := ps.Get(id2, 20*time.Second); err == nil {
fmt.Printf("%v received %v", id2, <-datach)
} else {
break
}
}
}()
for {
// data published on TopicB will be received by id1 and id2, TopicC by id2 only
ps.Publish({"random": rand.Float64()}, "TopicB", "TopicC")
// sleep for up to 50s
time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(5e10)))
}
A comprehensive example can be run from the demo repository via
./longpoll 1
Long-polling on a single subscription channel:
Handling of the single-channel long-polling pubsub is done by the longpoll.Sub type:
ch := longpoll.MustNewChannel(time.Minute, func (id string) {
// action on exit
}, "TopicA", "TopicB")
go func() {
for {
if datach, err := ch.Get(20*time.Second); err == nil {
fmt.Printf("received %v", <-datach)
} else {
break
}
}
}()
for {
ch.Publish({"random": rand.Float64()}, "TopicB")
// above subscription will not receive this data
ch.Publish({"random": rand.Float64()}, "TopicC")
// sleep for up to 50s
time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(5e10)))
}
A comprehensive example can be run from the demo repository via
./longpoll 2
Performance
Using a benchmark from the demo repository a throughput test can be run using the command below.
Measured on conventional hardware using a benchmark in the demo repository, the implemented algorithm publisheds and concurrently receives 1 million units of data on average over 880ms:
./longpoll 4
Changelog
current master
- Switched to https://github.com/ventu-io/slf (structured logging facade) for logging (no logging output until an SLF configuration is applied by an application using the library).
- Incoming get will terminate any pending one for the same subscription immediately (if issued concurrently).
- Using https://github.com/ventu-io/go-shortid instead of UUID.v4.
31 Dec 2015: Version 1.0
- First release of the API
License
Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Ventu.io, Oleg Sklyar, contributors.
Distributed under a MIT style license found in the LICENSE file.
